Experiential learning is essentially the art of learning through first-hand, primary experience, as opposed to second hand ‘conventional learning’ often associated with classroom learning and the memorization of facts (see below). 

Because experiential learning technically has no borders, nor time constraints, imposing structure on experiential learning opportunities can help individuals add value to their learning. The process of creating structure to derive meaning from experience is truly an art, as it is different for everyone. Generally, experiential learning models engage people of all learning styles and types of intelligence.

David Kolb, a renowned expert in the field of experiential learning methodology, developed the most established model of experiential learning. In his model, the process begins with an experience, followed by reflection, an application to theory or known wisdom, finally enabling the learner to draw new conclusions. This process repeats itself, enabling the learner to test concepts in new environments and modify as necessary through reflection and conceptualization. (David Kolb, et al, Organizational psychology: an experiential approach, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1971). For a simple, more colorful description of Kolb’s model, see below.

Let’s experiment, shall we?

• Think of something you did differently today.
• Got it? Now, reflect– how did this go for you?
• Next, generalize– how does your reflection line up with, for example, your neighbor’s experience of the same event? Can you draw a conclusion or develop an opinion?
• Finally, can you conclude that what you did differently is worth trying again tomorrow, perhaps with a small change? See below for some guiding graphics.

Grounded in over 70 years of experience, Outward Bound has developed its own structure to maximize the growth and development of its participants.  More recently, neuroscientists have discovered that the experiential learning cycle naturally aligns with the structure of the brain (Zull 2002: 18-19)!  The development of the Expeditionary Learning Schools is a testament to the success of the Outward Bound model of experiential learning in the outdoors. To learn more about experiential learning the Outward Bound way, stay tuned for the next installment of Experiential Learning 101 coming next week. Until then, experiment away!

“I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand.” -Confucius